Impact of Age and Gender on the Severity and Progression of Periodontitis: Implications for Prosthodontic Treatment and Tooth Loss Risk
Periodontitis, Age, Gender, Staging, Grading.
AuthorsAbstract:Background: Periodontitis is a condition that is caused by inflammation of the supporting structures of the tooth that causes loss of the teeth in case of nontreatment. Grading and staging are two distinct indicators of the degree of complexity and intensity of the disease respectively. Materials and Method: Age and gender effects on stages and grades of periodontitis were studied using data of 100 periodontitis patients measured through a questionnaire of their age, gender, systemic history and education level. Each patient was measured on the following periodontal parameters plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss. Patients were categorized according to age and gender and the staging and grading compared. Results: The study observed that the most number of patients presented were with stage III and grade B in age group 31-40 with significant differences among the groups. There was no significant difference on staging and grading by gender. Conclusion: Age has a great impact on the periodontitis severity, particularly in regard to loss of teeth, abutment prognosis, and restorative planning, whereas gender does not. These results have vital ramifications on the planning of the treatment of prosthodontics particularly in the field of restorative dentistry where the severity of periodontitis influences the choice of implants and fixed prostheses.
Introduction:Periodontitis is the inflammatory condition of tissues that uphold the tooth. When it is not treated, it will permanently destroy the periodontium and bone loss will take place causing loss of teeth. The condition keeps advancing due to the continuous microbial attacks, which makes it hard to manage and prognose (1). Periodontitis is one of the most common conditions in humans because it is found in about 62 per cent of adults between 2011 and 2020 (2). Periodontitis is a complicated disease that has many causal factors as well as clinical manifestations. This fluctuation is caused by pathogenesis and inflammatory state. The course of periodontitis is usually unpredictable and the periods of inactivity are succeeded by the active period of the disease. In most instances, the untreated periodontitis is progressive and the clinical loss of attachment and bone loss is caused gradually over the years or decades (1). The periodontitis diagnosis is done according to the 2017 classification of periodontal diseases, which is a comprehensive staging and grading scheme of periodontitis (3). As people age, periodontitis severity and prevalence levels increase as well, presumably because periodontal tissues degenerate. Moreover, age, together with the cumulative effects of risk factors, such as smoking and poor oral hygiene, compound the effects (4). An increase in the age-associated dysbiosis of the oral microbiome may also play a role in higher levels of periodontitis in older patients (5). It has been demonstrated that age affects the prevalence and bacterial load of periodontal pathogens including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans that reduce as people age (5). •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ejprd.org - Published by Dennis Barber Journals. Barber Ltd. All rights reserved
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