Impact of Lifestyle Diseaseson Oral Rehabilitation Outcomes: Implications for Prosthodontic Practice
Lifestyle diseases, Oral rehabilitation, Prosthodontics, Dental implants, Periimplantitis, Systemic health
AuthorsAbstractAmong the lifestyle diseases, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and hypertension are noted to have become key determinants in the outcome of oral health and prosthodontic treatment. The diseases are associated with chronic inflammation, immune system dysregulation, and altered bone metabolism, all of which are known to affect the healing of the wound, osseointegration, and the longevity of the prosthetic appliance. In addition, the interrelationship between systemic diseases and oral diseases, including periodontal disease and peri-implant disease, has been noted to affect the outcome of treatment in compromised patients. This review aims to discuss the effects of the most common lifestyle diseases on the outcome of oral rehabilitation, highlighting the implications in prosthodontic treatment. The impact of individual factors such as diabetes, smoking, and metabolic syndrome on peri-implant health and treatment predictability is critically analyzed. Emphasis is given to the comprehensive clinical assessment of the patient and the need to individualize treatment planning. With advances in biomaterials, implant designs, and technology, better therapeutic options are available. However, the success of treatment is dependent on systemic disease control and patient compliance. Preventive and maintenance programs are essential to prevent treatment failure. An interdisciplinary approach is necessary to provide optimal treatment to the patient. Integration of systemic considerations into the practice of prosthodontics is essential to provide more predictable and patient-centered treatment. These factors are essential to improve treatment outcomes in decision-making to provide better prosthodontic treatment to patients with lifestyle diseases. 1. Introduction Lifestyle diseases, broadly classified under non-communicable diseases (NCDs), are known to contribute to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and hypertension are known to have complex pathogenesis, with chronic progression and multifactorial etiology, mostly being influenced by lifestyle factors [1]. These diseases are known to have systemic implications, and besides that, they also have significant implications on the oral health status of an individual, thus posing complex problems for dental practitioners, especially in the field of prosthodontics [2]. The concept of an oral-systemic interrelationship has gained significant scientific validation, with studies indicating that systemic diseases have an impact on the development, progression, and severity of oral diseases [3]. The chronic inflammatory state due to lifestyle diseases is known to alter the immune response and tissue homeostasis, thus increasing the susceptibility to periodontal and peri-implant diseases. These changes are mediated through the production of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and alteration in cellular repair mechanisms, thus compromising the tissues in the mouth [4]. In prosthodontics, oral rehabilitation can be successful if biological conditions are optimized, such as bone quality, vascularization, and soft tissue status. Systemic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, have been reported to affect biological conditions, such as impaired wound healing, reduced collagen •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
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