Influence of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor on Oral Tissue Healing and Its Impact on Prosthodontic Treatment Outcomes

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor; Oral tissue healing; Prosthodontics; Peri-implant inflammation; Biomarkers

Aygun Aliyarbayova
Assistant Professor, PhD, Department of
Cytology, Embryology and Histology of
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku,
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-3132,
aeliyarbeyova@amu.edu.az
Vagif Hasanov
Associate Professor, PhD, Department of
Therapeutic Dentistry of Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, https://orcid.org/0009-00047447-9875, vhesenov@amu.edu.az
Yegana Shakaraliyeva
Professor, PhD, DSc, Department of Medical
Biology and Genetics, Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, https://orcid.org/0000-00020653-7605, ysakaraliyeva@amu.edu.az
Tamilla Sultanova
Associate professor, PhD, Department of
Cytology, Embryology and Histology of
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku,
https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3461-0881,
tsultanova@amu.edu.az
Mehdi Gasimov
Assistant, Dentistry department of
Nakhchivan State University, Azerbaijan,
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9808-5571,
mehdi.gasimov00@gmail.com
Meleyke Gahramanova
restorative dentistry resident, Center of oral
and teeth health of Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan,
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9673-8386,
meleykecavadova829@gmail.com
Shahana Gurbanova
Assistant, Department of Cytology,
Embryology and Histology of Azerbaijan
Medical University, Baku,
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2307-5820,
squrbanova@amu.edu.az
Ayten Shukurova
Assistant Professor, PhD, The Department of
Pharmacognosy of Azerbaijan Medical
University, Baku, https://orcid.org/00000002-9485-0932, asukurova@amu.edu.az
*Correspondence to
Aygun Aliyarbayova
* Assistant Professor, PhD, The Department
of Cytology, Embryology and Histology of
Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0887-3132
E-mail: aeliyarbeyova@amu.edu.az
Received: 19-12-2025
Revised: 12-02-2026
Accepted: 13-04-2026

European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry (2026) 34(2s), 01-12

Influence of Macrophage
Migration Inhibitory Factor
on Oral Tissue Healing and
Its Impact on Prosthodontic
Treatment Outcomes

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a multi-purpose immunoregulatory cytokine, which is involved in the processes of macrophage activation, inflammatory amplification, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. In restorative and prosthodontic dentistry, predictable treatment results are based on the capacity of the oral tissues to heal, adapt, and be biologically stable to microbial, mechanical, surgical, and prosthetic challenges. The review addresses the applicability of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in the healing of the oral tissues and whether it has the potential to affect the outcome of prosthodontics. It may be related to its biological activity, which may be associated with mucosal inflammation, periodontal tissue response, residual ridge remodelling, peri-implant healing, and bone-implant interface stability. The potential effects of altered expression include delayed tissue repair, denture-bearing mucosal discomfort, periodontal breakdown, peri-implant inflammation, marginal bone loss and a decrease in the predictability of the prosthetic. In addition to its mechanistic relevance, macrophage migration inhibitory factor can have a future value in terms of biomarker in saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant sulcular fluid to assess the risk of inflammatory risks before and after prosthodontic rehabilitation. Longitudinal studies are required to be able to correlate the level of macrophage migration inhibitory factor with clinically significant outcomes, such as the healing time, mucosal tolerance, periodontal stability, implant survival/prosthesis longevity and patient-reported comfort. Provided it is proven to be correct, this mediator can assist precision prosthodontics by facilitating the earlier detection of risks, personalized planning of treatment, biologically guided implant loading, and personalized maintenance schedules. 1. Introduction Healing in oral tissues is a biological necessity to be able to predict restorative and prosthodontic dentistry. The success of fixed prostheses, removable partial dentures, complete dentures, implant-supported prostheses and full-mouth rehabilitation does not only depend on the design of the prosthetic and selection of material to be used in the prosthetic, but also on the ability of the oral tissues to heal, adapt, and remain biologically stable in the long term. The structures of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissues, alveolar bone, and peri-implant structures contribute to the comfort, retention, functioning, aesthetics, and longevity of the prostheses. On the other hand, the delayed or disregarded healing may contribute to the mucosal soreness, denture intolerance, gingival inflammation, abutment compromise, peri-implant tissue breakdown, marginal bone loss and prosthetic failure. Inflammation is a vital early process in wound healing but its severity and occurrence time should be closely monitored. A controlled inflammatory response facilitates microbial defense, recruitment of immune cells, tissue debridement, angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, collagen deposition and •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ejprd.org- Published by Riset Publishing Services LLC.

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