Isolation, Identification, And Subsequent Application Of Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains For The Biosynthesis Of Tannase And Gallic Acid From Various Organic Source

Clinical waste; bacterial isolation; tannase and gallic acid production; amla seeds; optimization

Alaa A. Abdulshaheed1
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor,
Malaysia, Department of Biology, College of
Science, University of Baghdad 10071,
Baghdad, Iraq.
p111456@siswa.ukm.edu.my,
alaa.ali@sc.uobaghdad.edu.iq

Marlia Mohd. Hanafiah2*
Centre for Tropical Climate Change System,
Institute of Climate Change, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor,
Malaysia, Department of Earth Sciences and
Environment, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;
mhmarlia@ukm.edu.my

Sahira Nsayef Muslim3
Department of Biology, College of Science, AlMustansiriyah University, Baghdad 10422,Iraq
mnt2000ther@gmail.com

Rab Nawaz4
Centre for Tropical Climate Change System,
Institute of Climate Change, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600,
Selangor, Malaysia
rabnawaz.utp@gmail.com

Received:05-06-2026
Revised:11-07-2026
Accepted:20-07-2026

European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry (2026) 34(7s), 104–123

Isolation, Identification, And Subsequent Application Of Gram-Negative Bacterial Strains For The Biosynthesis Of Tannase And Gallic Acid From Various Organic Sources

Tannase (TN) and gallic acid (GA) are commonly produced using chemical processes that may contribute to environmental pollution since they release significant amounts of harmful effluents into the environment. This work aimed to biosynthetic method for producing TN and GA from various organic materials. Various clinical waste sources were collected and used to isolate 8 distinct gram-negative (GN) bacterial strains. Based on the screening results, Acinetobacter baumannii was chosen for further investigation due to its superior ability to produce TN and GA, as demonstrated by inhibition zone diameter tests. Among different organic materials, 0.4% amla seeds were found to be the best substrate for producing the highest amount of TN (18.276 U/mL) and GA (11.583mg/mL). To determine the most important factors influencing the process for TN and GA production, a "changing one factor at a time (COST)" approach, and response surface methods (RSM) were employed to optimise the parameters. The optimum production of TN and GA was observed at pH 5.78, temperature 38.69°C, inoculum size 10.47%, and incubation time 68.27h. According to the findings, A. baumannii can serve as excellent producers of TN and GA from organic materials with ammonium sulfate and amla seeds as nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively.

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