Comparison of Fluoride Release and Re-release Between Two Bioactive Restorative Materials and a Giomer: An In-vitro Study

Bioactive materials, giomer, dental restorative materials, fluoride, in vitro techniques, dental caries

1Dr. Shyam Ranjan Sharma
Senior Lecturer,
Dept. Of Conservative
Dentistry and Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental
College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)
Deralakatte, Mangalore.

2Dr. Sreegowri Bhat,
Additional Professor,
Dept. Of Conservative Dentistry and
Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College,
Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)
Deralakatte, Mangalore.

3Dr. Prathap M S
Professor,
Dept. Of Conservative Dentistry and
Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental College,
Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)
Deralakatte, Mangalore.

4Dr. Harsha S Prabhu
Additional Professor,
Department of Statistics, Yenepoya (Deemed to
be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore.

5Dr. Rahul Pai
Senior Lecturer,
Dept. Of Conservative Dentistry and
Endodontics
Yenepoya Dental College, Yenepoya (Deemed
to be University), Deralkatte, Mangalore

Corresponding Author:

Dr. Sreegowri Bhat
Dept. Of Conservative Dentistry and
Endodontics, Yenepoya Dental
College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University)
Deralakatte, Mangalore.
Email: bhatsreegowri@gmail.com
Orcid: 0000-0002-4205-1784

Received:13-06-2026
Revised:18-07-2026
Accepted: 25-07-2026

European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry (2026) 34(3), 18–23

Comparison of Fluoride Release and Re-release Between Two Bioactive Restorative Materials and a Giomer: An In-vitro Study

Aim: To investigate the fluoride release and re-release potential of two bioactive restorative materials and a Giomer. Methodology: Fifteen discshaped samples (n = 5 per group) were primed using three restorative materials: Group A – Cention N, Group B – Activa™ Bioactive Restorative™, and Group C– Beautifil II. Each sample was dipped in 20 mL of artificial saliva. Fluoride ion emission was assessed on days 1, 7, and 14 with a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Following initial measurements, samples were recharged, and fluoride re-release was similarly assessed. The data obtained were interpreted applying one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test (p < 0.05). Results: Activa Bioactive Restorative showed the maximum initial fluoride release at every time period, followed by Cention N and Beautifil II. Statistically significant differences were documented among the materials on all measured days (p < 0.05). In terms of fluoride rerelease, Cention N exhibited the highest values, likely due to its alkasite content and ion-exchange mechanism. Activa showed limited re-release, and Beautifil II demonstrated the lowest fluoride recharge potential. Conclusion: Cention N exhibited superior fluoride re-release capacity, while Activa Bioactive Restorative showed the greatest initial fluoride release. Beautifil II (Giomer) performed the least in both aspects

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